==<span style="color: rgb(112, 41, 41); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Why Use Clickers?</span>==
<span style="color: rgb(4, 1, 1); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors:</span><span style="color: rgb(174, 45, 45); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left; display: block;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> </span>
* <span style="color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">Actively engage students during the entire class period </span>
* <span style="color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and </span>
* <span style="color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">Provide prompt feedback to student questions </span>
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In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students. . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect.

Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit:
First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses.</span><span style="color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; display: block; text-align: left;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">References: </span><span style="color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; display: block; text-align: left;">
</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">Beatty, I. "Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems." __EDUCAUSE__ __Center__ __for Applied Research__ 3 (2004): 5.</span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(14, 1, 1); font-size: 10pt; display: block; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;">http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: maroon; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; display: block; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; display: block; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. __Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom__. Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004.</span>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Johnson, C. "Clickers in your classroom." __Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter__. Vol. 3. Fall 2004. 1. __Clte.asu.edu__. Arizona State University. 24 Jan. 2007 <http://clte.asu.edu></span><span style="color: rgb(174, 45, 45); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; display: block;"> </span> <span style="color: rgb(8, 2, 2); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> </span>