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    <title>UMass Lowell Wiki : clickers : Why use Clickers? - edits</title>
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      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/83199739</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/83199739</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2009 17:34:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students. . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;h &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;ttp://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff5&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff5&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in your classroom.&quot; &lt;u&gt; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter &lt;/u&gt; . Vol. 3. Fall 2004. 1. &lt;u&gt; Clte.asu.edu &lt;/u&gt; . Arizona State University. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu &lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
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          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/83199671</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/83199671</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2009 17:33:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;students &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;students. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 2, 2); font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff5&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff5&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(14, 1, 1); font-size: 10pt; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff6&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff6&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;h &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff7&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff7&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;ttp://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in your classroom.&quot; &lt;u&gt; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter &lt;/u&gt; . Vol. 3. Fall 2004. 1. &lt;u&gt; Clte.asu.edu &lt;/u&gt; . Arizona State University. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu &lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/50498901</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/50498901</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 2008 18:44:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41);&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6);&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10);&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1);&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1);&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Your Classroom.&quot; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;your classroom.&quot; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt; Wakonse-Arizona &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;E-Newsletter. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;E-Newsletter &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff5&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff5&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;. Vol. 3. Fall &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2004. &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff6&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff6&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff7&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff7&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Clte.asu.edu &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff8&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff8&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;. Arizona State University. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff9&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff9&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff10&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff10&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff11&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff11&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27763301</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27763301</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2008 15:57:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41)&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10)&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;students: &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;students &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;h4 id=&quot;toc1&quot;&gt; &lt;/h4&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27763199</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27763199</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2008 15:55:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41)&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10)&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;h4 id=&quot;toc1&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; font-weight:=&quot;&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h4&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27762889</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27762889</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2008 15:50:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41)&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc1&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc2&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc3&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc4&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc5&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10)&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc6&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc7&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc8&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc9&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc10&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc11&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc12&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc13&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27762827</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27762827</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2008 15:48:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41)&quot;&gt; Why Use Clickers? &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc1&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc2&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc3&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc4&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc5&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10)&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc6&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc7&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc8&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc9&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc10&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc11&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc12&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc13&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27639889</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/27639889</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2008 17:53:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&quot;toc0&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(112, 41, 41)&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Why Use Clickers? &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc1&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 1, 1); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc2&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc3&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc4&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(19, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc5&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(2, 13, 10)&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc6&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(7, 4, 4)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(11, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc7&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc8&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc9&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc10&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc11&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc12&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;h3 id=&quot;toc13&quot;&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(10, 5, 5)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(8, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(13, 13, 13)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(4, 2, 2); text-align: left&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(4, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(14, 1, 1)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(15, 6, 6)&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(3, 2, 2)&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827993</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827993</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 21:23:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;br /&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827927</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827927</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 21:22:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;br /&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&amp;gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827635</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827635</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 21:17:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;br /&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&amp;gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827611</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827611</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 21:16:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin, modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;br /&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://www.educause.edu/LibraryDetailPage/666?ID= &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0403.pdf &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;ERB043&amp;gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
</description>
          </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827303</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26827303</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 21:10:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Carlin,1 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Carlin, &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Johnson2 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Johnson &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;br /&gt; . . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff5&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff5&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;effect.3 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff6&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff6&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;effect. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;br /&gt; First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff7&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff7&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;responses.4 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff8&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff8&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;responses. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt; References: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;u&gt; EDUCAUSE &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; Center &lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; for Applied Research &lt;/u&gt; 3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://www.educause.edu/LibraryDetailPage/666?ID=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; http://www.educause.edu/LibraryDetailPage/666?ID= &lt;/a&gt; ERB043&amp;gt;. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;u&gt; Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/u&gt; . Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Comic Sans MS&#039;,cursive; color: rgb(174, 45, 45); text-align: left; display: block&quot;&gt; Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff9&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff9&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm%3E.%3C/span%3E%3Cspan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff10&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff10&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff11&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff11&quot;&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;delete&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #F88; color: #800; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 
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      <title>Why use Clickers?</title>
      <link>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26826417</link>
      <dc:creator>donna_mellen</dc:creator>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/page/diff/Why+use+Clickers%3F/26826417</guid>
      <comments>http://clickers.wiki.uml.edu/message/list/Why+use+Clickers%3F</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 20:55:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff1&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff1&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Many case studies have been performed to assess learning outcomes. According to Guthrie and Carlin,1 modern students are primarily active learners, and lecture courses may be increasingly out of touch with how students engage their world. Johnson2 described how clickers address three of Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Clickers help instructors: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff2&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff2&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Actively engage students during the entire class period &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff3&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff3&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gauge their level of understanding of the material being presented, and &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff4&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff4&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Provide prompt feedback to student questions &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff5&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff5&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;In his research, Beatty explained why clickers help students actively engage in the learning process. He wrote that this engagement helps students: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff6&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff6&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;. . . develop a more solid, integrated, useful understanding of concepts and their interrelationships and applicability. A concerted focus on understanding rather than recall, and on reasoning rather than answers, bolsters the effect.3 &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff7&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff7&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Even in small enrollment classes, many students are reluctant to respond to faculty questions; the anonymity of responding with a clicker guarantees near or total participation. Johnson described this benefit: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff8&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff8&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;First, many students are hesitant to respond to an answer until they know how others will respond. We have all observed students glancing around the room when a question is asked, gauging the number of hands that have been raised until a “safe” number are in the air for them to add their own. Therefore, the anonymity that an electronic system provides allows students to respond in a safe manner, which encourages them to take risks with their responses.4 &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-family:&quot; comic=&quot;&quot; sans=&quot;&quot; color:=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff9&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff9&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;References: &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff10&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff10&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Beatty, I. &quot;Transforming Student Learning with Classroom Communication Systems.&quot; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff11&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff11&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;EDUCAUSE &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff12&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff12&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Center &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff13&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff13&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;for Applied Research &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff14&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff14&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;3 (2004): 5. &amp;lt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://www.educause.edu/LibraryDetailPage/666?ID=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff15&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff15&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://www.educause.edu/LibraryDetailPage/666?ID= &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff16&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff16&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;ERB043&amp;gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff17&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff17&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Guthrie, R W., and A. Carlin. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff18&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff18&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Waking the Dead: Using Interactive Technology to Engage Passive Listeners in the Classroom &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff19&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff19&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;. Tenth Americas Conference on Information Systems. New York, 2004. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff20&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff20&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;Johnson, C. &quot;Clickers in Your Classroom.&quot; Wakonse-Arizona E-Newsletter. 2004. 24 Jan. 2007 &amp;lt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;wiki_link_ext&quot; href=&quot;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff21&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff21&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;http://clte.asu.edu/wakonse/ENewsletter/studentresponse_idea.htm &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;htmldiff22&quot; id=&quot;htmldiff22&quot;&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;insert&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #AFA; color: #080; text-decoration: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 
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